Friday 22 September 2023

How Many Gods Are There in the Quran?

Another Case of Polytheism in the Muslim Scripture Due to it’s Incoherent Structure

In a previous article (https://www.answeringislam.net/authors/shamoun/mhd_praise3.html) I showed that, due to the unintelligible manner that the author(s) and/or editor(s) formulated the sentence, the following text,

In order that you (O people!) may believe in Allah and His Messenger and that you may help and honor Him, and celebrate His Praises morning and evening. S. 48:9 Syed Vickar Ahamed https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/48/st28.htm

so that you² may have faith in God and His apostle and that you may assist Him, honour Him, and praise Him morning and evening. N. J. Dawood https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/48/st50.htm

Is either commanding Muslims to glorify/praise/worship Muhammad as a god, or depicting Allah as an impotent deity that needs help from his creatures.

This isn’t the only verse which, as a result of its incoherent structure, either deifies Muhammad or depicts the Islamic deity in a less than favorable manner. Note carefully this next passage:

Glorified be HE WHO (alathee) carried HIS servant (bi’abdiHI) by night from the Inviolable Place of Worship to the Far distant place of worship the neighbourhood whereof WE have blessed, that WE might show HIM (linuriyaHU) of OUR tokens! Lo! HE (innaHU), only HE (huwa), is THE HEARER, THE SEER. S. 17:1 Pickthall

Here is another version:

Glory be to HIM, WHO carried HIS servant by night from the Holy Mosque to the Further Mosque the precincts of which WE have blessed, that WE might show HIM some of Our signs. HE is the ALL-HEARING, the ALL-SEEING. Arberry

Now either the singular masculine pronouns all refer to Allah, which means that the passage should be translated in the following way:

Glory be to Allah, who carried Allah’s servant by night from the Holy Mosque to the Further Mosque the precincts of which We have blessed, that We might show Allah some of Our signs. Allah is the all-hearing, the all-seeing.

Or the pronouns are all about Muhammad, which would therefore give us the following rendering:

Glory be to Allah, Who carried His servant Muhammad by night from the Holy Mosque to the Further Mosque the precincts of which We have blessed, that We might show Muhammad some of Our signs. Muhammad is the all-hearing, the all-seeing.

If the former then this means Allah is not the only god nor is he the supreme being, since there are other deities that can actually show Allah miraculous signs.

This wouldn’t be the only place where Allah is depicted as a plurality of divine beings, or as one god among many:

Clear proofs have come to you from your Lord. Whoso sees clearly, it is to his own gain, and whoso is blind, it is to his own loss; I am not a watcher over you. So WE turn about the signs, that they may say, ‘Thou hast studied’; and that WE may make it clear to a people having knowledge. Follow thou what has been revealed to thee from thy Lord; there is no god but He; and turn thou away from the idolaters. Had God willed, they were not idolaters; and WE have not appointed thee a watcher over them, neither art thou their guardian. Abuse not those to whom they pray, apart from God, or they will abuse God in revenge without knowledge. So WE have decked out fair to every nation their deeds; then to their Lord they shall return, and He will tell them what they have been doing. They have sworn by God the most earnest oaths if a sign comes to them they will believe in it. Say: ‘Signs are only with God.’ What will make you realize that, when it comes, they will not believe? WE shall turn about their hearts and their eyes, even as they believed not in it the first time; and WE shall leave them in their insolence wandering blindly. Though WE had sent down the angels to them, and the dead had spoken with them, had WE mustered against them every thing, face to face, yet they would not have been the ones to believe, unless God willed; but most of them are ignorant. So WE have appointed to every Prophet an enemy — Satans of men and jinn, revealing tawdry speech to each other, all as a delusion; yet, had thy Lord willed, they would never have done it. So leave them to their forging, and that the hearts of those who believe not in the world to come may incline to it, and that they may be well-pleased with it, and that they may gain what they are gaining. What, shall I seek after any judge but God? For it is He who sent down to you the Book well-distinguished; and those whom WE have given the Book know it is sent down from thy Lord with the truth; so be not thou of the doubters. S. 6:104-114 Arberry

And:

And heaven — WE built it with might, and WE extend it wide. And the earth — WE spread it forth; O excellent Smoothers! And of everything created WE two kinds; haply you will remember. Therefore flee unto God! I AM a clear warner from Him to you. And set not up with God another god; I AM a clear warner from Him to you. S. 51:47-51 Arberry

The context makes it crystal clear that all of the first person singular and plural pronouns are spoken by one and the same entity which, in context, is supposed to be Allah since the speaker(s) does/do things that only the Muslim god is said to do. And yet the speaker(s) say(s) that he/they are a clear warner(s) from Allah, whose only judge is Allah, and who is not sent to be anyone’s watcher(s)/guardian(s).

We even find texts where the supposed divine speaker(s) worship Allah as his/their lord and claim that he/they can only come down with the revelations at the command of Muhammad’s lord:

It is not for God to take a son unto Him. Glory be to Him! When He decrees a thing, He but says to it ‘Be,’ and it is. Surely God is MY Lord, and your Lord; So serve you Him. This is a straight path. S. 19:35-36

WE come not down, save at the commandment of thy Lord. To Him belongs all that is before US, and all that is behind US, and all between that. S. 19:64

If so then this means that Allah either exists as a plurality of divine beings, with some of these gods being subordinate to the others. Or the Muslim scripture is acknowledging the existence of a hierarchy of distinct gods, with Allah being subject to at least one of them whom he worships as his lord and superior.

However, if Q. 17:1 is actually talking about Muhammad then this means that he is the one described as being both omniscient and omnipresent. This in turn makes Muhammad a man-god, either because he was a human being that became a god or a divine one that became a man!

Hence, as a result of this passage’s incoherence, Muslims either end up with Allah existing as a hierarchy of divine beings, or as a lesser god subordinate to a greater deity than himself. Or they must accept the fact that Muhammad is portrayed as an omniscient, omnipresent being, and is therefore another ilah or divinity alongside the Muslim god.

We will let the Muslims sort out this mess caused by a so-called revelation that is supposed to be the peak of Arabic grammar and eloquence.

Source: https://answeringislamblog.wordpress.com/2018/11/16/how-many-gods-are-there-in-the-quran/ 

IHS

Mohammed Hijab Proves Muslims are Muhammadans who Worship a False Prophet!

In a previous rebuttal (https://answeringislamblog.wordpress.com/2018/11/16/dawagandist-mohammed-hijab-admits-that-his-god-allah-worships-like-muslims-do/), I quoted Muhammadan Mohammed Hijab’s admission that the Arabic word used in the Quran to describe Allah praying, namely, salah, actually means du’a:

“And the word actually salah means du’a. This is the root word.” (Trinity or Tawhid?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yrNMc0VTDUA&t=37s)

I then cited specific narrations where his prophet reportedly stated that du’a is the very essence of Islamic of worship:

296. The excellence of supplication

712. Abu Hurayra reported that the Prophet said, “Nothing is dearer to Allah than supplication.”

713. Abu Hurayra reported that the Prophet said, “The noblest ACT OF WORSHIP is supplication.”

714. An-Nu’man ibn Bashir reported that the Prophet said, “Supplication IS WORSHIP.” Then he recited, “Call on Me and I will answer you.” (Aisha Bewley, Al-Adab al-Mufrad al-Bukhari, XXX. Supplication http://bewley.virtualave.net/adab4.html#supplicate; capital and underline emphasis ours)

3372. An-Nu‘man bin Bashir narrated that the Prophet said: “The supplication, IS WORSHIP.” Then he recited: And Your Lord said: “Call upon me, I will respond to you. Verily, those who scorn My worship, they will surely enter Hell humiliated.” (SAHIH)

[Abu ‘Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih. Mansur and Al-‘A‘mash narrated it from Dharr, and we do not know it except from the narration of Dharr. [He is Dharr ‘Abdullah Al-Hamdani, trustworthy, the father of ‘Umar bin Dharr.] 

Comments:

Supplication IS WORSHIP IN ITSELF, and for proof the Prophet recited the Verse of Surat Ghafir, “Call upon Me, I will respond to you. Verily, those who scorn My worship, they will surely enter Hell humiliated.” This Verse shows that not begging His favors is a sign of scorn. As supplication IS THE ESSENCE OF WORSHIP, and without its essence, the supplication is nothing but lifeless utterances. (English Translation of Jami‘ At-Tirmidhi, Compiled by Imam Hafiz Abu ‘Eisa Mohammad Ibn ‘Eisa At-Tirmidhi, From Hadith no. 3291 to 3956, translated by Abu Khaliyl (USA), Ahadith edited & referenced by Hafiz Abu Tahir Zubair ‘Ali Za’i [Darussalam Publishers & Distributors, First Edition: November 2007], Volume 6, 45. The Book Of Supplications From The Messenger Of Allah, pp. 102-103 https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi/48/3; capital and underline emphasis ours)

This is where Hijab’s woes begin. In the debate, David Wood had stated that Muslims actually pray to Muhammad every time they perform their daily prayers, since the latter commanded his followers to perform what is typically referred to as Tashahhud:

Ibn ‘Abbas reported: The Messenger of Allah used to teach us tashahhud just as he used to teach us a Sura of the Qur’an, and he would say: All services rendered by words, acts of worship, and all good things are due to Allah. Peace be upon YOU, O Prophet, and Allah’s mercy and blessings. Peace be upon us and upon Allah’s upright servants. I testify that there is no god but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. In the narration of Ibn Rumb (the words are): “As he would teach us the Qur’an.” (Sahih Muslim, Book 004,Number 0798 https://www.searchtruth.com/book_display.php?book=004&translator=2&start=0&number=0788)

Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Urwa ibn az-Zubayr from Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abd al-Qari that he heard Umar ibn al-Khattab say, while he was teaching people the tashahhud from the mimbar, “Say, Greetings belong to Allah. Pure actions belong to Allah. Good words and prayers belong to Allah. Peace on YOU, Prophet, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be upon us and on the slaves of Allah who are salihun. I testify that there is no god except Allah. And I testify that Muhammad is His slave and His messenger.”

‘At-tahiyatu lillah, az-zakiyatu lillah, at-tayibatu wa’s-salawatu lillah. As-salamu ALAYKA ayyuha’nnabiyyu wa rahmatu’llahi wa barakatuhu. As-salamu alayna wa ala ibadi’llahi s-salihin. Ash-hadu an la ilaha illa ‘llah wa ash-hadu anna Muhammadan abduhu wa rasuluh.” (Malik’s Muwatta, Book 3, Number 3.14.56 https://www.searchtruth.com/book_display.php?book=3&translator=4&start=0&number=3.14.56)

Here is what Hijab said in response in their first rebuttal period:

“There is a hadith in Bukhari which said that whenever one person does salla on the nabi, which means blessings and praise on the prophet–blessings on the prophet–the angel will carry that and give it to him! It doesn’t mean that he’s hearing it everywhere! The angel is moving it around! This is from the will of Allah, and if you didn’t know that, now you do.”

Suffice it to say, this doesn’t answer the actual objection but merely compounds the problem for this dawagandist.

In the first place, this doesn’t address the issue of why Muslims are praying to a dead man in their salat when this is supposed to be the heart of Islamic worship.

In fact, Muhammad went as far as to exhort his companions to continue praying for him even after his death, since he claimed that Allah would enable him to see and hear their supplications. Muhammad further promised to personally greet that person and invoke Allah on his behalf.

The following narrations are all taken from Riyad as-Salihin, The Book of Supplicating Allah to Exalt the Mention of Allah’s Messenger (https://sunnah.com/riyadussaliheen/15). All capital, italicized, and/or underline emphasis shall be mine: 

Aus bin Aus reported:

The Messenger of Allah said, “Among the best of your days is Friday; so supplicate Allah more often for me in it, for your SUPPLICATIONS will be DISPLAYED to me.” He was asked: “O Messenger of Allah! How will our blessings be DISPLAYED to you when your decayed body will have mixed with the earth?” He replied, “Allah has prohibited the earth from consuming the bodies of the Prophets.”

[Abu Dawud].

Sunnah.com reference: Book 15, Hadith 3

Arabic/English book reference: Book 15, Hadith 1399

Abu Hurairah reported:

The Messenger of Allah said, “Do not make my grave a place of festivity, and supplicate Allah for me, for your SUPPLICATION reaches me wherever you are.”

[Abu Dawud].

Sunnah.com reference: Book 15, Hadith 5

Arabic/English book reference: Book 15, Hadith 1401

Abu Hurairah reported:

The Messenger of Allah said, “Whenever someone greets me, Allah returns the soul to my body (in the grave) and I return his greeting.”

[Abu Dawud].

Sunnah.com reference: Book 15, Hadith 6

Arabic/English book reference: Book 15, Hadith 1402

And:

Abu Hurayra said that the Messenger of Allah said, “Whenever anyone greets me with peace, Allah will return my soul to me so that I can return the greeting.”

Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shayba mentions that Abu Hurayra said that the Messenger of Allah said, “I WILL HEAR whoever blesses me at my grave. If someone is far away and blesses me, that is also conveyed to me.”…

Ibn ‘Umar said, “Do a lot of prayer on your Prophet every Jumu’a. It is brought to him from you every Jumu’a.” One version has, “None of you blesses me but THAT HIS PRAYER IS SHOWN TO ME when he finishes it.”

Al-Hasan ibn ‘Ali said that the Prophet said, “Bless me wherever you are. YOUR PRAYER will reach me.”

One of them mentioned that the name of someone who blesses the Prophet IS SHOWN to the Prophet when he does it.

Al-Hasan ibn ‘Ali said, “When you enter the mosque, greet the Prophet. The Messenger of Allah said, ‘Do not make my house a place of ‘Id and do not make your houses graves. Bless me wherever you are. YOUR PRAYER will reach me wherever you are.'”…

Sulayman ibn Suhyam said that he saw the Prophet in a dream and asked him, “Messenger of Allah, do you recognise the greeting of those who come to you?” He replied, “YES, AND I ANSWER THEM.” (Qadi ‘Iyad Ibn Musa al-Yahsubi, Kitab Ash-shifa bi ta’rif huquq al-Mustafa (Healing by the recognition of the Rights of the Chosen One), translated by Aisha Abdarrahman Bewley English [Madinah Press, Inverness, Scotland, U.K., third reprint 1991, paperback), pp. 262-263; capital and underline emphasis ours)

Pay careful attention to the words of Muhammad that the supplications and prayers of his followers are shown to him, since this confirms that Muslims aren’t merely greeting a dead man (which is bad enough), but are in fact praying directly to him!

That’s not all. Islamic scholars argued on the basis of Q. 4:64 that Muslims can even visit Muhammad’s grave in order to personally ask him for his intercession! And according to some reports, this is exactly what some Muslims did:

It is just as necessary to have esteem and respect for the Prophet after his death as it were when he was alive. This means to show it whenever the Prophet, his hadith or sunna are mentioned, when anyone hears his name or anything about his life or how his family and relatives behaved. It includes respect for the People of his House (ah al-bayt) and his Companions…

Abu Humayd said, “Abu Ja’far, the Amir al-Mu’minin, had a dispute with Malik in the Prophet’s mosque. Malik said to him, ‘Amir al-Mu’minin, do not raise your voice in this mosque. Allah taught the people how to behave by saying, ‘Do not raise your voices above the Prophet’ (49:2) He praises people with the words, “Those who lower their voices in the presence of the Messenger of Allah.” (49:3) He censures people, saying, “Those who call you…” Respect for him when he is dead is the same as respect for him when he was alive.”

“Abu Ja’far was humbled by this. He asked Malik, ‘Abu Abdullah, do you face qibla when you supplicate or do you face the Messenger of Allah?’ He replied, ‘Why would you turn your face from him when he is YOUR MEANS and the means of your father, Adam, to Allah on the Day of Rising? I face him and ASK HIM to intercede and Allah will grant his intercession. Allah says, “If, when you wronged yourselves, they had come to you.‘” (4:64) (Qadi ‘Iyad, pp. 237-238; capital and underline emphasis ours)

And:

Although, this verse (64) was revealed in the background of a particular incident relating to hypocrites, yet its words yield a general ruling which stipulates that anyone who presents himself before the Holy Prophet and he prays for his forgiveness, he will be definitely forgiven. And ‘the presence before the Prophet,’ as it would have been during his blessed life in this mortal world, HOLDS THE SAME EFFECT EVEN TODAY as the visit to the sacred precincts of the Mosque of the Prophet and the act of ‘presenting’ oneself BEFORE THE BLESSED RESIDENT OF THE SANCTIFIED MAUSOLEUM FALLS WITHIN THE JURISDICTION OF THIS RULE.

Sayyidna ‘Ali has said: “Three days after we all had finished with the burial of the Messenger of Allah a villager came and fell down close to the blessed grave. Weeping bitterly, he referred to this particular verse of the Qur’an AND ADDRESSING HIMSELF TO THE BLESSED GRAVE, he said: ‘Allah Almighty has promised in this verse that a sinner, if he presented himself before the Rasul of Allah, and the Rasul elects to pray for his forgiveness, then he will forgive him. Therefore, here I am, presenting myself BEFORE YOU so that I may be blessed with YOUR prayer for my forgiveness.’ People personally present there at that time say that, in response to the pleading of the villager, a voice coming out from the sanctified mausoleum rang around with the words… You have been forgiven.” (al-Bahr al-Muhit) (Mufti Shafi Usmani, Maariful Quran, Volume 2, p. 486 file:///Users/samshamoun/Downloads/English-MaarifulQuran-MuftiShafiUsmaniRA-Vol-2-Page-451-505%20(1).pdf; capital emphasis ours)

Finally:

“Allah is instructing the sinners when they commit a sin to come to the messenger of Allah and ask forgiveness in his presence and then they ask him to request forgiveness. And certainly if they did that, Allah would relent towards them and have mercy on them, and for that reason He said “they would have found Allah Oft-Returning, Merciful.”

And Shaykh Mansur as-Sabbagh recollected in his book “The Perfections” (ash-Shama’il) the well-known (famous) transmission from ‘Utbi:

“I was sitting by the grave of the Prophet and a Bedouin came and said: ‘Peace be upon you O Prophet of Allah. I heard Allah say: “And if they had come to thee when they had wronged their souls, and asked forgiveness of Allah, and if the Messenger had also asked forgiveness for them, they would have surely found Allah Oft-Returning with compassion and Merciful.” And I came to you asking forgiveness for my sin, taking you as intercessor to my Lord.’

“Then he started reciting verses: ‘O You best of those whose bones are buried in al-Qa’a from the sweet scents of those bones the whole area of al-Qa’a and Akamu became perfumed. My self I sacrifice to the grave that you live in it is purity and in it is incredible generosity.’

“Then the Bedouin departed and sleep overcame me. And I saw the Prophet in my sleep and he said: ‘Ya ‘Utbi, follow the Bedouin and give him the glad tidings that Allah has forgiven him.’” (Ibn Kathir, Tafsir of Qur’an al-Adheem [Dar al-Fikr, Beirut, 1992/1412], Volume 1, p. 643)

Hence, Muslims not only pray to a dead man but they also pray to that dead man at his grave!

Therefore, seeing that the five daily prayers are the very heart of Islamic worship, and since invocation is supposed to be the very essence of prayer, this means that Muslims are in fact worshiping Muhammad when they speak to him in their salat, and whenever they personally invoke his intercession. This is especially true when they visit Muhammad’s grave to speak to a man that has been dead for approximately fourteen hundred years!

Now what about Hijab’s response that it is an angel that carries the Muslims’ prayers to Muhammad while he is in his grave?

The following narration seems to corroborate Hijab’s claim:

13 The Book of Forgetfulness (In Prayer)

(46) Chapter: Sending salams upon the Prophet

It was narrated that Abdullah said: “The Messenger of Allah said: ‘Allah has angels who travel around on Earth conveying to me the Salams of my Ummah.'”

Grade: SAHIH (Darussalam)

Reference: Sunan an-Nasa’i 1282

In-book reference: Book 13, Hadith 104

English translation: Vol. 2, Book 13, Hadith 1283 (sunnah.com https://sunnah.com/nasai/13/104; capital emphasis ours)

There are a few problems with this canard. First, as the narrations cited above plainly state, Muhammad both sees and hears all the prayers that are directed to him. Therefore, in order for the angels to enable Muhammad to both HEAR and SEE the people that are praying to him, they must be omniscient and omnipresent. Otherwise, how could they display these prayers to Muhammad?

Thus, instead of solving the problem Hijab has only managed to confuse matters even worse, since he has essentially ascribed (albeit unwittingly) exclusively divine attributes to spirit creatures and is therefore guilty of the unpardonable sin, namely shirk! (cf. 2:22; 4:48, 116)

This brings me to my next point. How could Muhammad be able to see and hear all these prayers at the same time, if he himself weren’t omniscient and omnipresent? After all, Allah must still endow him with the divine capacity to see and hear every individual prayer, which the angels present to him.

Hence, David Wood’s initial argument still stands. Since Muhammad is personally observing and hearing over one billion Muslims the world over praying to Allah and to himself, this means that the Islamic prophet has all of a sudden become omniscient and omnipresent.

Hijab has to now contend with the fact that his own supposed authentic sources leave him with the problem of finite creatures, such as Muhammad and the angels, possessing unique divine attributes that are supposed to belong only to Allah, in clear violation of his pet Salafi doctrine of tauhid al-asma wa-sifaat!

Finally, Hijab is still left with the dilemma of worship being given to a dead man. Keep in mind that prayer (salah) is worship, and that du’a (invocation/supplication) is supposed to be the essence of prayer/worship. Therefore, whenever Muslims like Hijab pray to and/or invoke their dead prophet, they are rendering to him the very heart of Islamic worship!

I’ll break this down for Hijab and his cronies so they finally get the point that Wood was trying to communicate to them:

1. Praying (salah) is worship that is to be given to Allah alone.

2. Invocation/Supplication (du’a) is the heart of Muslim worship, which is why only Allah is to be invoked/supplicated.

3. Over one billion Muslims pray to Muhammad in their five daily prayers, speaking directly to a man who has been dead for roughly fourteen hundred years.

4. Muslims also invoke Muhammad, and even visit his grave in Medina till this very day, to personally seek his intercession.

5. Therefore, Muslims are offering a dead man the exclusive worship, which is to be given to their god alone.

6. As such, Muslims have turned Muhammad into a demigod, another ilah (deity) alongside the Muslim god.

It is clear that this debate has become a major embarrassment for this Muhammadan, since his claims and objections are backfiring against him. His agreement to debate David Wood has turned out be a career ending decision, one of the worst mistakes of his short dawagandist life.

Further Reading

The Prophet of Chaos and Idolatry Pt. 1 https://answeringislam.net/authors/shamoun/chaos_idolatry1.html

Source: https://answeringislamblog.wordpress.com/2018/11/19/mohammed-hijab-proves-muslims-are-muhammadans-who-worship-a-false-prophet/

IHS