Tuesday 24 March 2020

Muhammad’s Neglect and Disdain for the Poor and ill


The Quran unashamedly admits that Muhammad turned away from the poor and marginalized in order to appease the rich elite of the Quraish tribe:
Repel not those who call upon their Lord at morn and evening, seeking His Countenance. Thou art not accountable for them in aught, nor are they accountable for thee in aught, that thou shouldst repel them and be of the wrong-doers. S. 6:52 Pickthall
And keep yourself (O Muhammad) patiently with those who call on their Lord (i.e. your companions who remember their Lord with glorification, praising in prayers, etc., and other righteous deeds, etc.) morning and afternoon, seeking His Face, and let not your eyes overlook them, desiring the pomp and glitter of the life of the world; and obey not him whose heart We have made heedless of Our Remembrance, one who follows his own lusts and whose affair (deeds) has been lost. S. 18:28 Hilali-Khan
Here’s how the Muslim commentators explain the foreging verses:
And do not drive away those who call upon their Lord at morning and evening desiring through their worship His countenance exalted be He and not desiring any of the transient things of this world — and these are the poor. The idolaters had reviled them and demanded that he the Prophet expel them so that they could sit with him. The Prophet WANTED TO DO THIS because of his desire that they become Muslims. You are not accountable for them in anything min shay’in min is extra if what they hide in themselves be displeasing; nor are they accountable for you in anything that you should drive them away this is the response to the negative sentence and be of the evildoers if you do this. (Tafsir al-Jalalayn, Q. 6:52 https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=6&tAyahNo=52&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2; bold and capital emphasis mine)
(Repel not those who call upon their Lord at morn and evening, seeking His Countenance…) [6:52]. Abu ‘Abd al-Rahman Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Ja’far informed us> Zahir ibn Ahmad> al-Husayn ibn Muhammad ibn Mus’ab> Yahya ibn Hakim> Abu Dawud> Qays ibn al-Rabi’> al-Miqdam ibn Shurayh> his father> Sa’d who said: “This verse was revealed about six of us: it was revealed about me, [‘Abd Allah] ibn Mas’ud, Suhayb [al-Rumi], ‘Ammar [ibn Yasir], al-Miqdad [ibn ‘Amr] and Bilal [ibn Rabah]. The Quraysh said to the Messenger of Allah: ‘We do not accept to be followers of these, so repel them’. Some of what they said ENTERED THE HEART OF ALLAH’S MESSENGER as much as Allah willed it to enter. And so Allah, exalted is He, revealed (Repel not those who call upon their Lord at morn and evening, seeking His Countenance…)”. This was narrated by Muslim from Zuhayr ibn Harb from ‘Abd al-Rahman from Sufyan from al-Miqdam. Abu ‘Abd al-Rahman informed us> Abu Bakr ibn Abu Zakariyya al-Shaybani> Abu’l-‘Abbas Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman> Abu Salih al-Husayn ibn al-Faraj> Muhammad ibn Muqatil al-Marwazi> Hakim ibn Zayd> al-Suddi> Abu Sa’id>> Abu’l-Kanud> Khabbab ibn al-Aratt who said: “This verse was revealed about us. We were weak and stayed at the Prophet’s in the morning and evening. He taught us the Qur’an and goodness and instilled fear in us through the mention of hellfire and the Garden and also through that which benefits us and by means of mention of death and the Resurrection. One day, al-Aqra’ ibn Habis al-Tamimi and ‘Uyaynah ibn Hisn al-Fazari came to the Prophet and said: ‘We are among the nobles of our people and we dislike that we be seen with them, so could you repel them when we sit with you?’ THE PROPHET AGREED, but they said: ‘We will not be pleased until you write an agreement between us’. When skin and ink were brought, these verses were revealed (Repel not those who call upon their Lord at morn and evening, seeking His Countenance) up to His words (And even so do We try some of them by others) [6:53]”. Abu Bakr al-Harithi informed us> Abu Muhammad ibn Hayyan> Abu Yahya al-Razi> Sahl ibn ‘Uthman> Asbat ibn Muhammad> Ash’ath> Kurdus> Ibn Mas’ud who said: “A group of people from Quraysh passed by the Messenger of Allah while he had with him Khabbab ibn al-Aratt, Suhayb, Bilal and ‘Ammar, and they said: ‘O Muhammad, are you pleased with these? Do you want us to be followers of these?’ And so Allah, exalted is He, revealed (Repel not those who call upon their Lord at morn and evening, seeking His Countenance)”. (‘Alī ibn Ahmad al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=86&tSoraNo=6&tAyahNo=52&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2; bold and capital emphasis mine)
And with the same chain of transmission, ‘Ubayd Allah related to us> Abu Ja’far> al-Rabi’ who said: “There were some men who were always forerunners to the assembly of the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace. Among these men were Bilal, ‘Ammar, Suhayb and Salman [al-Farisi]. The nobles and chiefs of his people would come to see him and find all the aforementioned already sitting with him. In one occasion they said: ‘Suhayb is a Byzantine, Salman a Persian, Bilal an Abyssinian: they all come and sit close to him whereas when we come we sit on the side’. And then they mentioned this to the Messenger of Allah. They said to him: ‘We are the nobles and chiefs of your clan, why do you not sit closer to us when we come to see you’. HE WAS ABOUT TO DO JUST THAT when Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse”. Said ‘Ikrimah: “A group of unbeliever nobles from Banu ‘Abd Manaf headed by ‘Utbah ibn Rabi’ah, Shaybah ibn Rabi’ah, Mut’im ibn ‘Adiyy, al-Harith ibn Nawfal went to Abu Talib and said: ‘If only your nephew Muhammad repels from him our clients, slaves and downtrodden, it would please us, mean a great deal to us and would be a step forward for us to follow him and believe in him’. Abu Talib went and conveyed to the Prophet what they said. ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab commented: ‘Why do you not do as they ask so that we consider what they want and verify whether they are truthful?‘ Then Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse. When it was revealed, ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab went and apologized for what he had said”. (Ibid. https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=86&tSoraNo=6&tAyahNo=52&tDisplay=yes&Page=2&Size=1&LanguageId=2; bold and capital emphasis mine)
(Restrain thyself along with those who cry unto their Lord…) [18:28]. The judge Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Hiri related to us by dictation in Dar al-Sunnah on Friday after prayer, in the months of the year 410 a.h.> Abu’l-Hasan ibn ‘Isa Ibn ‘Abdawayh al-Hiri> Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Bushanji> al-Walid ibn ‘Abd al-Malik ibn Musarrih al-Harrani> Sulayman ibn ‘Ata’ al-Harrani> Maslamah ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Juhani> his uncle Ibn Mashja’ah ibn Rub’i al-Juhani> Salman al-Farisi who said: “Those whose hearts were to be reconciled (al-mu’allafati qulubuhum) – ‘Uyaynah ibn Hisn, al-Aqra’ ibn Habis and their families – came to the Messenger of Allah and said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, if only you could sit at the front of the assembly and remove these people – meaning: Salman al-Farisi, Abu Dharr al-Ghifari and other poor Muslims – and their smelly outer garments – because the only thing they had on them were these woollen outer garments – from us, then we could sit with you, talk to you and learn from you!’ As a response, Allah, exalted is He, revealed (And recite that which hath been revealed unto thee of the Scripture of thy Lord. There is none who can change His words, and thou wilt find no refuge beside Him. Restrain thyself along with those who cry unto their Lord at morn and evening, seeking His Countenance) [18:27-28] up to His words (Lo! We have prepared for disbelievers Fire…) [18:29], threatening them with hell. The Prophet stood up and went looking for them. He found them at the back of the mosque making remembrance of Allah, exalted is He. He said: ‘Praise be to Allah Who did not take away my soul until He commanded me to restrain myself with men of my community. It is with you that I live and with you that I die’ ”. (…and obey not him whose heart We have made heedless of Our remembrance…) [18:28]. Abu Bakr al-Harithi informed us> Abu’l-Shaykh al-Hafiz> Abu Yahya al-Razi> Sahl ibn ‘Uthman> Abu Malik> Juwaybir> al-Dahhak> Ibn ‘Abbas who said regarding the words of Allah, exalted is He (…and obey not him whose heart We have made heedless of Our remembrance…): “This verse was revealed about Umayyah ibn Khalaf al-Jumahi. He asked the Prophet to do something that he disliked. He asked him to chase away the poor from his assembly and draw to him, instead, the leaders of Mecca. Allah, exalted is He, revealed (…and obey not him whose heart We have made heedless of Our remembrance), i.e. sealed his heart such that he will never believe in Allah’s divine oneness (who followeth his own lust) i.e. idolatry”. (Ibid., Q. 18:28 https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=86&tSoraNo=18&tAyahNo=28&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2; bold emphasis mine)
It was said that this was revealed about the nobles of Quraysh when they asked the Prophet to sit with them on his own, and not to bring his weak Companions with him, such as Bilal, `Ammar, Suhayb, Khabbab and Ibn Mas`ud. They wanted him to sit with them on his own, but Allah forbade him from doing that, and said…
(And turn not away those who invoke their Lord, morning and afternoon.) Allah commanded him to patiently content himself with sitting with those people (the weak believers), and said…
(And keep yourself patiently with those who call on their Lord morning and afternoon…) Imam Muslim recorded in his Sahih that Sa`d bin Abi Waqqas who said: “There was a group of six of us with the Prophet . The idolators said, `Tell these people to leave so they will not offend us.’ There was myself, Ibn Mas`ud, a man from Hudayl, Bilal and two other men whose names I have forgotten. Allah’s Messenger thought to himself about whatever Allah willed he should think about, then Allah revealed…
(And turn not away those who invoke their Lord, morning and afternoon.) Only Muslim reported this; excluding Al-Bukhari.
(and let not your eyes overlook them, desiring the pomp and glitter of the life of the world;) Ibn `Abbas said, `(this means) do not favor others over them, meaning do not seek the people of nobility and wealth instead of them.’
(and obey not him whose heart We have made heedless of Our remembrance) means, those who are distracted by this world from being committed to the religion and from worshipping their Lord.
(and whose affair (deeds) has been lost.) means, his actions and deeds are a foolish waste of time. Do not obey him or admire his way or envy what he has. As Allah says elsewhere…
(And strain not your eyes in longing for the things We have given for enjoyment to various groups of them, the splendor of the life of this world, that We may test them thereby. But the provision of your Lord is better and more lasting.) (20:131). (Tafsir Ibn Kathir Q. 18:28 http://www.alim.org/library/quran/AlQuran-tafsir/TIK/18/27; bold and underline emphasis mine)
That’s not all the so-called prophet of Islam did. Muhammad went even as far as to frown upon a poor blind man who was seeking his council solely because the latter was interrupting Muhammad’s conversation with a rich elite Quraishite whom he wanted to influence:
(The Prophet) frowned and turned away, Because there came to him the blind man (i.e. ‘Abdullah bin Umm-Maktum, who came to the Prophet while he was preaching to one or some of the Quraish chiefs). But what could tell you that per chance he might become pure (from sins)? Or that he might receive admonition, and that the admonition might profit him? As for him who thinks himself self-sufficient, To him you attend; What does it matter to you if he will not become pure (from disbelief, you are only a Messenger, your duty is to convey the Message of Allah). But as to him who came to you running. And is afraid (of Allah and His Punishment),Of him you are neglectful and divert your attention to another, Nay, (do not do like this), indeed it (these Verses of this Qur’an) are an admonition, So whoever wills, let him pay attention to it. S. 80:1-12 Hilali-Chan
Here, again, is the interpretation of the Muslim expositors:
(He frowned and turned away. Because the blind man came unto him) [80:1-2]. This refers to Ibn Umm Maktum. The latter went to see the Prophet while the latter was meeting ‘Utbah ibn Rabi’ah, Abu Jahl ibn Hisham, ‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib, and Ubayy and Umayyah the sons of Khalaf. He was calling them to Allah, hoping that they might embrace Islam. Ibn Umm Maktum stood up and said: “O Messenger of Allah, teach me of that which Allah has taught you”. He kept on requesting him and repeating his request, not knowing that he was busy and dealing with someone else. Signs of annoyance appeared on the face of the Messenger of Allah because of being repeatedly interrupted. He said in himself: “These chiefs will say: his followers consist of only the blind, lowly people and slaves!” The Messenger of Allah frowned and turned away from him, and faced toward the people he was addressing. Allah, exalted is He, then revealed these verses. After this, the Messenger of Allah used to honour him, and would say, whenever he saw him: “Welcome to the one about whom my Lord has rebuked me!” Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman al-Musahifi informed us> Abu ‘Amr Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Hamdan> Abu Ya’la> Sa’id ibn Yahya ibn Sa’id> his father> Hisham ibn ‘Urwah> ‘A’ishah who said: “(He frowned and turned away) was revealed about Ibn Umm Maktum, the blind. The latter went to the Prophet and kept saying: ‘O Messenger of Allah, guide me’, while there were with the Messenger of Allah the leaders of the idolaters. The Prophet kept avoiding him and turning to the others. It is about this that (He frowned and turned away) was revealed”. This was revealed by al-Hakim in his Sahih from ‘Ali ibn ‘Isa al-Hiri> al-‘Utabi> Sa’d ibn Yahya. (Alī ibn Ahmad al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=86&tSoraNo=80&tAyahNo=1&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2; bold emphasis ours)
The Prophet being reprimanded BECAUSE HE FROWNED AT A WEAK MAN
More than one of the scholars of Tafsir mentioned that one day the Messenger of Allah was addressing one of the great leaders of the Quraysh while hoping that he would accept Islam. While he was speaking in direct conversation with him, Ibn Umm Maktum came to him, and he was of those who had accepted Islam in its earliest days. He (Ibn Umm Maktum) then began asking the Messenger of Allah about something, urgently beseeching him. The Prophet hoped that the man would be guided, so he asked Ibn Umm Maktum to wait for a moment so he could complete his conversation. He frowned in the face of Ibn Umm Maktum and turned away from him in order to face the other man. Thus, Allah revealed…
(He frowned and turned away. Because there came to him the blind man. And how can you know that he might become pure) meaning, he may attain purification and cleanliness in his soul. (Tafsir Ibn Kathir http://www.alim.org/library/quran/AlQuran-tafsir/TIK/80/1; capital and italicized emphasis mine)
The style of this first sentence is elegant and subtle. Although in the following sentences the Holy Prophet has been directly addressed, which by itself shows that the act of frowning and turning aside had issued forth from him, the discourse has been opened in a manner as though it was not he but some one else who had so acted. By this style the Holy Prophet, by a subtle method, has been made to realize that it was an act unseemly for him. Had somebody familiar with his high morals witnessed it, he would have thought that it was not he but some other person who had behaved in that manner. The blind man referred to here implies, as we have explained in the Introduction, the well-known Companion, Hadrat Ibn Umm Maktum. Hafiz Ibn ‘Abdul Barr in Al-Isti’ab and Hafiz Ibn Hajar in Al-Isbah have stated that he was a first cousin of the Holy Prophet’s wife, Hadrat Khadijah. His mother, Umm Maktum, and Hadrat Khadijah’s father, Khuwailid, were sister and brother to each other. After one knows his relationship with the Holy Prophet, there remains no room for the doubt that he had turned away from him regarding him as a poor man having a low station in life, and attended to the high-placed people, for he was the Holy Prophet’s brother-in-law and a man of noble birth. The reason why the Holy Prophet had shown disregard for him is indicated by the word a ma (blind man), which Allah Himself has used as the cause of the Holy Prophet’s inattention. That is, the Holy Prophet thought that even if a single man from among the people whom he was trying to bring to the right path, listened to him and was rightly guided, be could become a powerful means of strengthening Islam. On the contrary, Ibn Umm Maktum was a blind man, who could not prove to be so useful for Islam because of his disability as could one of the Quraish elders on becoming a Muslim. Therefore, he should not interrupt the conversation at that time; whatever he wanted to ask or learn, he could ask or learn at some later time… That is, “You should never do so: do not give undue importance to those who have forgotten God and become proud of their high worldly position. The teaching of Islam is not such that it should be presented solicitously before him who spurns it, nor should a man like you try to invite these arrogant people to Islam in a way as may cause them the misunderstanding that you have a selfish motive connected with them, and that your mission would succeed only if they believed, otherwise not, whereas the fact is that the Truth is as self-sufficient of them as they are of the Truth.” (Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi, Tafhim al-Qur’an (The Meaning of the Qur’an) http://www.alim.org/library/quran/AlQuran-tafsir/MDD/80/1; bold emphasis mine)
Contrast this with the Lord Jesus who, not only did not turn away or frown upon the marginalized or the blind, but actually loved them enough to fellowship with them and heal all their infirmities, which in turn led the religious authorities to look down upon him. Unlike Muhammad, this didn’t cause Jesus to pull away from the downtrodden in order to appease the so-called religious elite, but rather resulted in the Lord severely rebuking and condemning them for their hypocrisy and evil, wicked attitude towards those whom God came to save and restore:   
“When He came down from the mountains, large crowds followed Him. And then a leper came and worshipped Him, saying, ‘Lord, if You are willing, You can make me clean.’ Jesus reached out His hand and touched him, saying, ‘I will. Be clean.’ And immediately his leprosy was cleansed. Then Jesus said to him, “See that you tell no one. But go your way, show yourself to the priest, and offer the gift that Moses commanded as a testimony to them.’ And when Jesus entered Capernaum, a centurion came to Him, entreating Him, and saying, ‘Lord, my servant is lying at home, sick with paralysis, terribly tormented.’ Jesus said to him, “I will come and heal him.’ The centurion answered and said, “Lord, I am not worthy that You should come under my roof. But speak the word only, and my servant will be healed. For I am a man under authority, having soldiers under me. And I say to this man, “Go,” and he goes, and to another, “Come,” and he comes, and to my servant, “Do this,” and he does it.’ When Jesus heard it, He was amazed and said to those who followed, “Truly I say to you, I have not found such great faith, no, not in Israel. And I say to you that many will come from the east and west and will dine with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob in the kingdom of heaven. But the sons of the kingdom will be thrown out into outer darkness. There will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.’ Then Jesus said to the centurion, ‘Go your way. And as you have believed, so let it be done for you.’ And his servant was healed that very moment. When Jesus entered Peter’s house, He saw his wife’s mother, lying sick with a fever. He touched her hand, and the fever left her. And she rose and served them. When the evening came, they brought to Him many who were possessed with demons. And He cast out the spirits with His word, and healed all who were sick, to fulfill what was spoken by Isaiah the prophet, ‘He Himself took our infirmities and bore our sicknesses.’” Matthew 8:1-17
“He entered a boat, crossed over, and came into His own city. They brought to Him a man sick with paralysis, lying on a bed. And Jesus, seeing their faith, said to the paralytic, ‘Son, be of good cheer. Your sins are forgiven you.’ Then certain scribes said within themselves, ‘This Man blasphemes.’ Jesus, knowing their thoughts, said, ‘Why do you think evil in your hearts? For which is easier, to say, “Your sins are forgiven you” or to say, “Arise and walk”? But that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins’—then He said to the paralytic, ‘Arise, pick up your bed, and go into your house.’ And he rose and departed to his house. But when the crowds saw it, they were amazed and glorified God who had given such authority to men. As Jesus passed on from there, He saw a man named Matthew sitting at the tax collector’s station. And He said to him, ‘Follow Me.’ And he rose and followed Him. While Jesus sat at supper in the house, many tax collectors and sinners came and sat down with Him and His disciples. When the Pharisees saw it, they said to His disciples, ‘Why does your Teacher eat with tax collectors and sinners?’ But when Jesus heard that, He said to them, ‘Those who are well do not need a physician, but those who are sick. But go and learn what this means, “I desire mercy, and not sacrifice.” For I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners, to repentance.’… While He was speaking these things to them, a certain ruler came and worshipped Him, saying, ‘My daughter is even now dead. But come and lay Your hand on her, and she will live.’ Jesus rose and followed him, and so did His disciples. Then a woman, who was ill with a flow of blood for twelve years, came behind Him and touched the hem of His garment. For she said within herself, ‘If I may just touch His garment, I shall be healed.’ But Jesus turned around, and when He saw her, He said, ‘Daughter, be of good comfort. Your faith has made you well.’ And the woman was made well instantly. When Jesus came to the ruler’s house and saw the musicians and the mourners making a noise, He said to them, ‘Depart. The girl is not dead, but is sleeping.’ And they laughed Him to scorn. But when the people were put outside, He went in and took her by the hand, and the girl arose. The news of this went out into all that land. As Jesus departed from there, two blind men followed Him, crying out and saying, ‘Son of David, have mercy on us!’ When He entered the house, the blind men came to Him. And Jesus said to them, ‘Do you believe that I am able to do this?’ They said to Him, ‘Yes, Lord.’ Then He touched their eyes, saying, ‘According to your faith, let it be done for you.’ And their eyes were opened, and Jesus strictly commanded them, saying, ‘See that no one knows of it.’ But when they had departed, they spread His fame in all that region. As they went out, they brought to Him a mute man possessed with a demon. And when the demon was cast out, the mute man spoke, and the crowds were amazed, saying, ‘This has never been seen in Israel.’ But the Pharisees said, ‘He casts out demons through the ruler of the demons.’ Jesus went throughout all the cities and villages, teaching in their synagogues, preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing every sickness and every disease among the people. But when He saw the crowds, He was moved with compassion for them, because they fainted and were scattered, like sheep without a shepherd. Then He said to His disciples, ‘The harvest truly is plentiful, but the laborers are few. Therefore, pray to the Lord of the harvest, that He will send out laborers into His harvest.’” Matthew 9:1-13, 18-38
“But when Jesus knew it, He withdrew from there. And great crowds followed Him, and He healed them all, and warned them that they should not make Him known, to fulfill what was spoken by Isaiah the prophet, saying: ‘Here is My Servant, whom I have chosen, My Beloved, in whom My soul is well pleased; I will put My Spirit upon Him, and He will render judgment to the Gentiles. He shall not struggle nor cry out, nor will anyone hear His voice in the streets. A bruised reed He will not break, and a smoldering wick He will not quench, until He renders judgment unto victory; and in His name will the Gentiles trust.’ Then one possessed with a demon was brought to Him, blind and mute, and He healed him, so that the blind and mute man both spoke and saw.” Matthew 12:15-21
“Jesus went ashore and saw a great assembly. And He was moved with compassion toward them, and He healed their sick.” Matthew 14:14
“Jesus departed from there, and passed by the Sea of Galilee, and went up on a mountain and sat down there. Great crowds came to Him, having with them those who were lame, blind, mute, maimed, and many others, and placed them down at Jesus’ feet, and He healed them, so that the crowds wondered when they saw the mute speak, the maimed made whole, the lame walk, and the blind see. And they glorified the God of Israel. Then Jesus called His disciples to Him and said, ‘I have compassion on the crowd, because they have remained with Me now for three days and have nothing to eat. I will not send them away hungry, lest they faint on the way.’” Matthew 15:29-32
“As they departed from Jericho, a large crowd followed Him. There, two blind men sitting by the road, when they heard that Jesus was passing by, cried out, ‘Have mercy on us, O Lord, Son of David!’ The crowd rebuked them, that they should be silent. But they cried out even more, ‘Have mercy on us, O Lord, Son of David!’ Jesus stood still and called them, saying, ‘What do you want Me to do for you?’ They said to Him, ‘Lord, let our eyes be opened.’ So Jesus had compassion on them and touched their eyes. Immediately their eyes received sight, and they followed Him.” Matthew 20:29-34
“The following day He went into a city called Nain, and many of His disciples and a large crowd went with Him. When He came near the gate of the city, a man who had died was being carried out, the only son of his mother, and she was a widow. And a large crowd from the city was with her. When the Lord saw her, He had compassion on her and said to her, ‘Do not weep.’ Then He came and touched the coffin, and those who carried it stood still. He said, ‘Young man, I say to you, arise.’ He who was dead sat up and began to speak. And He gave him to his mother. Fear came on everyone. And they glorified God, saying, ‘A great prophet has risen up among us!’ and ‘God has visited His people!’… The disciples of John told him of all these things. John, calling for two of his disciples, sent them to Jesus, saying, ‘Are You the One who is coming, or shall we look for another?’ When the men had come to Him, they said, ‘John the Baptist has sent us to You, saying, “Are You the One who is coming, or shall we look for another?”’ In that same hour He cured many of their infirmities and afflictions and evil spirits. And to many who were blind He gave sight. So Jesus answered them, ‘Go and tell John what you have seen and heard: that the blind see, the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead are raised, and the gospel is preached to the poor. Blessed is he who does not fall away on account of Me.’… One of the Pharisees asked Him to eat with him. So He went to the Pharisee’s house and sat down for supper. There, a woman of the city who was a sinner, when she learned that Jesus was sitting for supper in the Pharisee’s house, brought an alabaster jar of ointment, and stood behind Him at His feet, weeping, and began to wash His feet with tears, and wiped them with the hair of her head, and kissed His feet, and anointed them with the ointment. Now when the Pharisee who had invited Him saw it, he said to himself, ‘If this Man were a prophet, He would have known who and what kind of woman she is who is touching Him, for she is a sinner.’ Jesus answered him, ‘Simon, I have something to say to you.’ He said, ‘Teacher, say it.’ ‘A creditor had two debtors. The one owed five hundred denarii, and the other fifty. When they had no money to pay, he freely forgave them both. Tell Me, therefore, which of them will love him more?’ Simon answered, ‘I suppose he whom he forgave more.’ He said to him, “You have judged rightly.’ Then He turned to the woman and said to Simon, ‘Do you see this woman? I entered your house. You gave Me no water for My feet, but she has washed My feet with her tears and wiped them with the hair of her head. You gave Me no kiss, but this woman, since the time I came in, has not ceased to kiss My feet. You did not anoint My head with oil, but this woman has anointed My feet with ointment. Therefore I say to you, her sins, which are many, are forgiven, for she loved much. But he who is forgiven little loves little.’ Then He said to her, ‘Your sins are forgiven.’ Those who sat at supper with Him began to say to themselves, ‘Who is He who even forgives sins?’He said to the woman, ‘Your faith has saved you. Go in peace.” Luke 7:11-16, 18-23, 36-50
“Now all the tax collectors and sinners drew near to Him to hear Him. But the Pharisees and scribes murmured, saying, ‘This Man receives sinners and eats with them.’” Luke 15:1-2
We see this very same loving and compassionate attitude towards the poor and marginalized being displayed by the Apostles and of the Lord Jesus:
“He called His twelve disciples to Him and gave them authority over unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal all kinds of sickness and all kinds of disease… These twelve Jesus sent out, and commanded them, saying, ‘Do not go into the way of the Gentiles, and do not enter any city of the Samaritans. But go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. As you go, preach, saying, “The kingdom of heaven is at hand.” Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead, and cast out demons. Freely you have received, freely give. Provide neither gold nor silver nor copper for your purses, nor bag for your journey, nor two tunics, nor shoes, nor even staffs. For the workman is worthy of his keep.’” Matthew 10:1, 5-10
“Now after many years I came to bring alms and offerings to my nation,” Acts 24:17
“But now I am going to Jerusalem to minister to the saints. For Macedonia and Achaia were pleased to make some contribution for the poor among the saints who are in Jerusalem. It has pleased them indeed, and they are their debtors. For if the Gentiles have been partakers of their spiritual things, they also ought to minister to them in material things. Therefore, when I have completed this and have given this blessing to them, I shall come by way of you to Spain, and I know that when I come to you, I shall come in the fullness of the blessing of the gospel of Christ.” Romans 15:25-29
“Now concerning the collection for the saints, as I have given instruction to the churches of Galatia, so even you must do. On the first day of the week let every one of you lay in store, as God has prospered him, so that no collections be made when I come. And when I come, I will send whomever you approve with your letters to take your generous gifts to Jerusalem. If it is fitting that I go also, they will go with me.” 1 Corinthians 16:1-4
“When James, Cephas, and John, who seemed to be pillars, understood the grace that was given to me, they gave to Barnabas and me the right hand of fellowship, that we should go to the Gentiles and they to the circumcised. Only they requested that we should remember the poor, which I also was eager to do.” Galatians 2:9-10
“What does it profit, my brothers, if a man says he has faith but has no works? Can faith save him? If a brother or sister is naked and lacking daily food, and one of you says to them, ‘Depart in peace, be warmed and filled,’ and yet you give them nothing that the body needs, what does it profit? So faith by itself, if it has no works, is dead. But a man may say, ‘You have faith and I have works.’ Show me your faith without your works, and I will show you my faith by my works.” James 2:14-18
Clearly, Muhammad was anything but a mercy unto creatures, as the Quran fallaciously claims (Cf. Q. 21;107), and falls way short of the love and compassion shown by the Lord Jesus and his followers. As the following Christian author put it:
It has been reported that Ibn Umm Maktum came to Muhammad while the latter was talking with the nobility of the Quraish, and said to him, “Recite to me and teach me what God taught you.” Muhammad, however, paid him no heed and turned away from him, and said to himself, “Those mighty men say that only the boys, the slaves, and the scum of society follow him.” So Muhammad frowned and turned away from him in disdain, and continued talking to the honourable people. We ask: How could Muhammad attend to the influential  people and reject the poor, the needy, and, in this instance, the blind? How far he is from Christ, who acted compassionately and tenderly when a blind man came to him – and restored his sight!
It has been told that al-Aqra’ Ibn Habis al-Tamim and ‘Uyaina Ibn Hisn the Fazarite came to Muhammad and found him seated with Suhaib, Bilal, ‘Ammar and Khabab along with a group of lowly believers. When those men saw the poor people around him, they despised them and said to Muhammad, “Why don’t you sit here in front of the people and banish those men and the stench of their garments; then we would follow you. We would prefer it if you took your seat among us as a sign of our superiority over the Arabs. Arab delegations will come to you and we will be ashamed to be seen with those [black] slaves. So when we come to you, banish them from our presence, and when we finish [talking with you] you can seat them wherever you want.” He agreed, and they said, “Then write us a contract in this respect.” So he brought a sheet and asked (Ali to write, but on second thought he perceived it was a trap, so he claimed that Gabriel forbade this.
Ibn ‘Abbas said: Some poor folk were with the Prophet. Some of the nobility said, “We believe in you, but when we come to pray, put those men behind us.” He was near to agree to their request, but when he perceived the injustice in it, he said that God forbade him from doing this. (‘Abdallah ‘Abd al-Fadi, Is the Qur’an Infallible? [Light of Life, Villach, Austria], pp. 362-363; bold emphasis ours)

IHS

Muhammad: The Signless Prophet


The Quran repeatedly stresses the fact that Muhammad was incapable of performing a single miracle, even though the unbelievers repeatedly asked him for a sign to validate his prophetic claims:
They say: “Why is not a sign sent down to him from his Lord?” Say: “God hath certainly power to send down a sign: but most of them understand not. S. 6:37
They swear their strongest oaths by God, that if a (special) sign came to them, by it they would believe. Say: “Certainly (all) signs are in the power of God: but what will make you (Muslims) realise that (even) if (special) signs came, they will not believe.”? S. 6:108
If thou bring them not a revelation, they say: “Why hast thou not got it together?” Say: “I but follow what is revealed to me from my Lord: this is (nothing but) lights from your Lord, and Guidance, and mercy, for any who have faith.” S. 7:203
They say: “Why is not a sign sent down to him from his Lord?” Say: “The Unseen is only for God (to know), then wait ye: I too will wait with you.” S. 10:20
And the Unbelievers say: “Why is not a sign sent down to him from his Lord?” But thou art truly a warner, and to every people a guide. S. 13:7
The Unbelievers say: “Why is not a sign sent down to him from his Lord?” Say: “Truly God leaveth, to stray, whom He will; But He guideth to Himself those who turn to Him in penitence, -… If there were a Qur’an with which mountains were moved, or the earth were cloven asunder, or the dead were made to speak, (this would be the one!) But, truly, the command is with God in all things! Do not the Believers know, that, had God (so) willed, He could have guided all mankind (to the right)? But the Unbelievers, – never will disaster cease to seize them for their (ill) deeds, or to settle close to their homes, until the promise of God come to pass, for, verily, God will not fail in His promise.S. 13:27, 31
And We refrain from sending the signs, only because the men of former generations treated them as false: We sent the she-camel to the Thamud to open their eyes, but they treated her wrongfully: We only send the Signs by way of terror (and warning from evil). 17:59
Here is what the late Jewish convert and Sunni Muslim scholar Muhammad Asad stated in respect to this verse:
This highly elliptic sentence has a fundamental bearing on the purport of the Qur’an as a whole. In many places the Qur’an stresses the fact that the Prophet Muhammad, despite his being the last and greatest of God’s apostles, WAS NOT EMPOWERED TO PERFORM MIRACLES similar to those with which the earlier prophets are said to have reinforced their verbal messages. His ONLY miracle was and is the Qur’an itself – a message perfect in its lucidity and ethical comprehensiveness, destined for all times and all stages of human development, addressed not merely to the feelings but also to the minds of men, open to everyone, whatever his race or social environment, and bound to remain unchanged forever… (Asad, Message of the Qur’an [Dar Al-Andalus Limited 3 Library Ramp, Gibraltar rpt. 1993], p. 427, fn. 71; capital and underline emphasis ours)
Other verses include:
They say: “We shall not believe in thee, until thou cause a spring to gush forth for us from the earth, Or (until) thou have a garden of date trees and vines, and cause rivers to gush forth in their midst, carrying abundant water; Or thou cause the sky to fall in pieces, as thou sayest (will happen), against us; or thou bring God and the angels before (us) face to face: “Or thou have a house adorned with gold, or thou mount a ladder right into the skies. No, we shall not even believe in thy mounting until thou send down to us a book that we could read.” Say: “Glory to my Lord! Am I aught but a man, – an apostle?” S. 17:90-93
But (now), when the Truth has come to them from Ourselves, they say, “Why are not (Signs) sent to him, like those which were sent to Moses?” Do they not then reject (the Signs) which were formerly sent to Moses? They say: “Two kinds of sorcery, each assisting the other!” And they say: “For us, we reject all (such things)!” S. 28:48
The Quran is equally clear that the only sign Muhammad brought was his so-called revelation:
Ye they say: “Why are not Signs sent down to him from his Lord?” Say: “The signs are indeed with God: and I am indeed a clear Warner.” And is it not enough for them that we have sent down to thee the Book which is rehearsed to them? Verily, in it is Mercy and a Reminder to those who believe. S. 29:50-51
And yet even though the Islamic scripture emphatically and repeatedly insists that Muhammad failed to perform a single miraculous sign to back up his prophetic assertions, the later Islamic sources attributed dozens of miracles to him, many of which resemble the miracles performed by the Lord Jesus and some of the other prophets/messengers.
The following renowned Islamic scholar explains how and why this happened:
Down to the Abbasid times there was evidently opportunity for the exchange of ideas, as the Risala of Al Kindi, written in the reign of Al Ma’mun, proves. The hadith literature preserves a very large number of examples of this borrowing, ranging from the earliest and best-known doctrines of Islam, which were taken over from Jews and Christians, and are already incorporated in the Quran, to those sayings attributed to the prophet which betray a knowledge of Christian writings. Muslim theologians were not content to borrow the sayings of their predecessors in the counsels of God they borrowed also events from the life of Jesus, attributing them to their own prophet. Muhammad himself constantly insisted that he was not sent to work miracles. His miracle for all time was the Quran. This is the opinion held by the authors of the oldest hadith: the chapter Fadailu-l-sayyidi-l-mursalin does not contain a single miracle of Muhammad’s: on the contrary, there is the express statement of Abu Huraira that whereas the former prophets were given signs to induce the people to believe, Muhammad was given only the Quran, which nevertheless might secure him more followers than all that were before him. Naturally people who were familiar with many of the noblest writings of all time denied the claim of Muslims to possess a book of surpassing literary merit; and the polemical literature of the time abounds in taunts that Muhammad could not have been a prophet because, unlike the Messiah and the earlier prophets of Israel, he worked no miracles.
It is interesting to notice that apparently the only miracles said to have been performed by Muhammed and known to Al Kindi are: the wolf and ox that spoke; the tree that moved towards the prophet; the shoulder of goat’s flesh, poisoned by Zainab bint Harith the Jewess, which called out that it was poisoned, and the miraculous production of water. Some, this writer says, the Ashabu-l-Akhbar reject altogether, while others are from reporters branded da’if1Al Kindi’s testimony to enlightened opinion on these miracles is worthy of note, because he wrote some years before Al Bukhari’s collection was made, and he expressly refers (p. 60) to the traditions in terms which imply that they were not written.
Muhammadan apologists could not afford to allow their apostle to labour under the disadvantage apparent when his everyday mundane life was compared with the mighty works of Christ, which seem to have been believed without question. And thus the curious and interesting fact is that the later picture of Muhammad approximates in tradition ever more closely to that of the Jesus of the gospels. No biographer, either ancient or modern, has succeeded in giving his readers an entirely satisfactory appreciation of the baffling personality of the great prophet of Arabia. His loyalty and treachery, abstinence and debauchery, wisdom and ignorance, mediocrity and inspiration, demand the pen of a Boswell.
The most prejudiced among his followers or his enemies could hardly trace in the authentic record of Muhammad’s life the lineaments of the Prince of Peace. Yet this is what a certain group of traditionists and theologians have constructed. Weary of hearing of the acts of love and mercy, of supernatural power and forgiveness of ‘Isa b. Maryam, they have made a Muhammad after his likeness. Not content with the picture of a courteous, kindly, and able man, famed as the possessor of all human virtues, the idol of his race, if he was to compete with the Messiah they must represent him as a worker of miracles. There is an unmistakable reference to the slavish imitation of Christians in the plaint put into the prophet’s mouth, ‘Verily you would follow the paths (sunan) of those who were before you foot by foot and inch by inch so that if they went down a lizard’s hole you would follow them!’ ‘Do you mean the Jews and Christians?’ said they. ‘And who else?’ he answered. (Alfred Guillaume, The Traditions of Islam, pp. 133-135 https://answeringislam.net/Books/Guillaume/Traditions/ch6.htm; bold emphasis mine)
1 The great tolerance displayed towards Jews and Christians during the first centuries is well illustrated in the saying reported by Abu Huraira (Bukhari): The People of the Book used to read the Torah in Hebrew and expound it in Arabic to the people of Islam. The apostle of God said: ‘Do not believe the people of the book and do not disbelieve them, but say, “We believe in God and what he has revealed to us.”’ (Ibid., p. 133)
1 He calls them Akhbarun baridatun wa-kharafatu ‘ajdiz, ‘witless fables and old wives’ tales’.(Ibid., p. 134)
Controversy with Christians on the rival merits of Jesus and Muhammad may fairly be regarded as the origin of the pretended miracles, flatly contradicting the plain statement of the great Arabian and those of many of his immediate followers that he was not sent with power to work miracles. Whether the object of the inventors was to elevate their prophet to a position equal to that held by Jesus in the estimation of His servants, or whether it was to furnish themselves and their pupils with a messenger of God who satisfied a natural craving of the human heart for a visible manifestation of divine power, it is not our purpose to determine. There are good reasons for believing the deliberate imitation was resorted to for the reasons already given and because the ashabu-l-hadith did not stop ascribing the works of Christ to their prophet. His words and those of his apostles are freely drawn on and put into the mouth of Muhammad.(Ibid., p. 138; bold emphasis mine)
1 Muhammadan critics quite frankly draw a clear line between hadith of a legal and an edifying nature. They confess that where a pious motive underlies a tradition there is not the same necessity for scrutinizing the isnad. Thus Al Nawawi says of a hadith of this kind, ‘it is weak, but one is delighted by it’; and Ahmad says that he deals gently with the genealogy of traditions concerning virtuous behaviour. (Ibid.; bold emphasis mine)
The foregoing makes it abundantly clear that, as time went on, Muslims turned Muhammad into a Christ-like figure, a demigod of sorts, in order to make him more comparable to Jesus Christ and the other true prophets/apostles of God. These Muhammadans shamelessly lied by inventing miracle stories of their prophet since they were embarrassed by Muhammad’s lack of supernatural, miraculous verification for his prophetic claims. As the late Dr. Robert A. Morey wrote: 
Miracles
During his lifetime, Jesus did many great and mighty miracles. He healed the sick, raised the dead, cast out demons, and even ruled the wind and the waves.
But according to the Quran in dozens of places such as Sura 17:91–95, Muhammad never performed a single miracle…
Muhammad did no miracles. He did not heal the sick, raise the dead, cast out demons, or rule the wind and the waves. He had no more power than any normal man.
The only sign that Muhammad could point to was the existence of his revelations, the Suras that made up the Quran (Sura 29:47–51). (Morey, The Islamic Invasion: Confronting the World’s Fastest Growing Religion  [Christian Scholars Press, 1992], pp. 106-107)
And:
Now to be sure, Western scholars are perfectly aware of the fact that in later conflicts between Muslims and Christians there were those Muslims who attempted to renovate the life of Muhammad so that it would more closely correspond to the life of Jesus Christ…
These later legends claim predictions were made for Muhammad’s coming, add a supernatural element to his birth, depict him doing miracles, and claim that he was sinless and perfect and that he ascended into heaven. But these claims are not found in the Quran or in early Muslim traditions.
As all the standard reference works point out, they are later fabrications made by embarrassed Muslims who were faced with the rather obvious fact that Muhammad was inferior to Jesus Christ. This led them to remold the life of Muhammad to parallel the life and miracles of Jesus…
A Hindu Parallel
We are reminded of the followers of Krishna in India who, in response to the Christian teaching that Jesus died on the cross for our sins, immediately answered, “Well, then Krishna too must have died on a cross for our sins.” 
This fabrication did not last long as it was revealed that in all the literary sources concerning Krishna, no such death or crucifixion was mentioned until after the followers of Krishna had engaged in debate with Christians.
In the same way, Muslim legendary material concerning the miracles of Muhammad all date after heated debates between Christians and Muslims.
These myths and legends were created in response to the challenge that Jesus Christ was obviously superior to Muhammad. (Ibid., pp. 115-117)
Finally:
The Miracles of Muhammad
There are no recorded miracles of Muhammad in the Quran. We already documented from the Quran that Muhammad denied that he did any miracles except for the Quran.
But after his death, Muhammad’s disciples began to invent miracles for him because they had to escape the stigma that their prophet was inferior to the miracles of Moses, Jesus, and the pagan soothsayers.
What is so amazing about some of these pretended miracles is that they were often originally performed by Moses, Jesus, and pagan magicians but now transferred to the prophet!
One gets the distinct impression that when a Jew or a Christian pointed out some miracle recorded in the Bible, the Muslims replied, “Then our prophet Muhammad must have done that too.” (Ibid., p. 227)
What makes this all the more ironic is that the Quran mentions the miracles performed by Moses, Jesus, and a host of others, but doesn’t even list one supernatural feat performed by Muhammad. This silence is quite deafening, as even one celebrated convert to Islam noted in discussing the miracles found in the Islamic tradition:
(2) The authenticated traditions contain numerous reports of the Prophet performing miracles – with God’s permission, of course. Many of these are similar to ones attributed to Jesus in the New Testament, such as transforming small quantities of food into enough to feed a whole host of hungry followers and curing blindness with his saliva. Although the Qur’an recalls miracles of past prophets in its narratives, it identifies itself – and perhaps one other supernatural phenomenon – as the ONLY observable miracle(s) granted to the Prophet. Moreover, the Qur’an states that the Prophet’s opposition frequently complained that he produced no other miraculous signs. Yet if the Prophet indeed performed most of the miracles recorded in the Hadith literature, then it is a wonder that his opponents consistently complained of a lack of supernatural signs or that the Qur’an did not at least cite more of them in response to pagan objections. (Jeffrey Lang, Losing My Religion: A Call For Help [Amana Publications, 2004], pp. 249-250; bold and capital emphasis ours)
One cannot help but recall the words of the late Iranian Muslim scholar, Ali Dashti, who sadly wrote:
Moslems, as well as others, have disregarded the historical facts. They have continually striven to turn this man into an imaginary superhuman being, a sort of God in human clothes, and have generally ignored the ample evidence of his humanity. They have been ready to set aside the laws of cause and effect, which governs real life, and to present these fantasies as miracles. (Dashti, 23 Years: A Prophetic Career of Muhammad [Mazda Publishers, Costa Mesa, CA 1994], p 1; underline emphasis ours)
Dashti also wrote about how this process of deification began and how it directly contradicts the teachings of the Quran:
Many Iranians have been raised on a diet of myth and are ready to believe that any emamzada, of however ancestry, can at any moment perform a miracle. But if they were to read the Qor’an, they would be surprised to find no report of a miracle in it at all. They would learn from twenty or more Qor’anic passages that whenever the Prophet Mohammed was asked by doubters to perform a miracle, he either stayed silent or said that he would not do so because he was a human being like any other, with no function except to communicate, to be a “bringer of good news and a warner.” (Ibid., 38)
The Qor’anic verses on this subject are explicit and clear, and the Hadith and the contents of the reliable biographies confirm that the Prophet Mohammed never laid claim to either sinlessness or knowledge of unseen things. He was well aware of his human frailties, and he openly and frankly admitted them. According to a well attested Hadith, he had this to say about an attempt by some polytheists to fluster him with irrelevant questions: “What do these folks expect from me? I am one of God’s servants. I only know what God has taught me.” (Ibid., p. 60)
Taken together, these explicit and incontrovertible Qor’anic passages prove that the Prophet Mohammed, far from claiming the infallibility and superhuman rank later attributed to him by others, knew himself to be prone to sin. For anyone willing to study and to think, this greatly enhances Mohammed’s spiritual stature.
In matters such as religious and political beliefs and social concerns, which lack the certainty of mathematics and the relative demonstrability of the natural sciences, human beings are always disinclined to use their rational faculty. Instead, they first acquire a belief and then rack their brains for arguments with which to support it. The ‘olama of Islam were no exception to this rule. In their zealous devotion, they began with belief in the Prophet’s infallibility and then, in the hope of proving it, tried to explain away clear Qor’anic statements.
The eager sophistry of the Qor’an-commentators in this matter brings to mind a story about Sahl Tustari (a renowned early Sufi preacher in Khuzestan, d. 273/886). One of his disciples came and told him, “The people say that you can walk on water.” Sahl answered, “Go and ask the muezzin! He is an honest man.” The disciple went and asked the muezzin, who answered, “I do not know whether or not Sahl can walk on water. But I do know that when he walked up to the pool one day to perform ritual ablutions, he fell in and would have drowned if I had not pulled him out.”…
Notwithstanding the testimonies of the Qor’an, the Hadith, and the biographies, Mohammed was quickly dehumanized. The process began as soon as he passed from the scene. On the day after his death, ‘Omar (or perhaps another leading companion) threatened with drawn sword in hand to cut the throat of anyone who said that Mohammed was dead, and Abu Bakr protested, quoting the Qor’anic words, “You are mortal and they are mortal” (sura 39, ox-Zomar, verse 31). How right Abu Bakr was!
The greater the distance in time and space from the Prophet’s death in 11/632 and from Madina, the more the Moslems let their imaginations run loose. They exaggerated and rhapsodized so much that they forgot two premisses [sic] which are stated in the five daily prayers as well as in many Qor’anic verses, namely that Mohammed was God’s servant and God’s messenger. Instead, they turned him into the ultimate cause of the creation, saying “But for you, the universe would not have been created.” One zealous writer, Shaykh Najm od-Din Daya (d. 654/1256), went so far as to assert in his book Mersad ol-‘Ebad that the omnipotent Creator, who could make all things exist by uttering the single word “be”, first had to bring the light of Mohammed into existence and then, after casting a glance at the light and thereby causing the light to sweat with embarrassment, was able to create the souls of the prophets and angels from the sweat beads. (Ibid., pp. 61-63)
Dashti’s assessment is only partially correct, in that the Quran itself provided the basis for later Muslim deification of Muhammad, even though it goes out of its way to present Muhammad as a fallible, mortal sinner. The Islamic scripture presents two conflicting pictures of Muhammad simultaneously.
All quranic references taken from Abdullah Yusuf Ali’s version.
Further Reading

IHS

Muhammad and Miracles. Analyzing Muslim Arguments for Muhammad’s Supernatural Feats



It is the rather explicit teaching of the Quran that Muhammad performed no supernatural, verifiable miracles apart from the inspiration that he received. The Quran in several places emphatically negates the idea of Muhammad performing physical feats such as raising the dead, healing the sick, opening physically blind eyes etc. We present those citations here in order for our readers to see for themselves the Quran’s outright denial that Muhammad was able to perform the miraculous. All quotations taken from A.J. Arberry, unless noted otherwise:

And they that know not say, 'Why does God not speak to us? Why does a sign (ayatun) not come to us?' So spoke those before them as these men say; their hearts are much alike. Yet We have made clear the signs (bayyanna al-ayati) unto a people who are sure. S. 2:118
Yet if thou shouldst bring to those that have been given the Book every sign (ayatun), they will not follow thy direction; thou art not a follower of their direction, neither are they followers of one another's direction. If thou followest their caprices, after the knowledge that has come to thee, then thou wilt surely be among the evildoers. S. 2:145
They also say, 'Why has no sign (ayatun) been sent down upon him from his Lord?' Say: 'Surely God is able to send down a sign (ayatan), but most of them know not.' S. 6:37
They have sworn by God the most earnest oaths if a sign (ayatun) comes to them they will believe in it. Say: 'Signs (al-ayatu) are only with God.' What will make you realize that, when it comes, they will not believe? S. 6:109
They say, 'Why has a sign (ayatun) not been sent down upon him from his Lord?' Say: 'The Unseen belongs only to God. Then watch and wait; I shall be with you watching and waiting.' S. 10:20
The unbelievers say, 'Why has a sign (ayatun) not been sent down upon him from his Lord?' Thou art ONLY a warner, and a guide to every people. S. 13:7
The foregoing text presupposes that Muhammad’s only function was to warn people, not to perform miracles. After all, the statement "Thou art ONLY a warner" would make no sense if a warner could in fact perform wonders. In other words, being a warner wouldn’t preclude Muhammad from doing any signs unless, of course, the point being made by the Quran is that such individuals who assumed this role were not empowered to do miracles.
The next text further illustrates this point:
Then, it may be that you will give up part of what is revealed to you and your breast will become straightened by it because they say: Why has not a treasure been sent down upon him or an angel come with him? You are ONLY a warner; and Allah is custodian over all things. S. 11:12 Shakir
I.e., "since you are only a warner it is not your job to perform miracles since you haven’t been given that ability. Rather, your job is to simply exhort and admonish people."
The unbelievers say, 'Why has a sign (ayatun) not been sent down upon him from his Lord?' Say: 'God leads astray whomsoever He will, and He guides to Him all who are penitent.' S. 13:27
Naught prevented Us from sending the signs (bial-ayati) but that the ancients cried lies to them; and We brought Thamood the She-camel visible, but they did her wrong. And We do not send the signs, except to frighten. S. 17:59
This last passage is one of the clearest proofs that Muhammad did absolutely no miracles whatsoever. The text says that Allah refrained from providing miracles, which would make no sense at all if Muhammad did indeed perform signs and wonders. Regarding this verse, the late Sunni scholar Muhammad Asad candidly admitted:
This highly elliptic sentence has a fundamental bearing on the purport of the Qur'an as a whole. In many places the Qur'an stresses the fact that the Prophet Muhammad, despite his being the last and greatest of God's apostles, WAS NOT EMPOWERED TO PERFORM MIRACLES similar to those with which the earlier prophets are said to have reinforced their verbal messages. His ONLY miracle was and is the Qur'an itself - a message perfect in its lucidity and ethical comprehensiveness, destined for all times and all stages of human development, addressed not merely to the feelings but also to the minds of men, open to everyone, whatever his race or social environment, and bound to remain unchanged forever… (Asad, Message of the Qur'an [Dar Al-Andalus Limited 3 Library Ramp, Gibraltar rpt. 1993], p. 427, fn. 71; online edition; capital and underline emphasis ours)
There is more from the Quran:
They say, 'We will not believe thee till thou makest a spring to gush forth from the earth for us, or till thou possessest a garden of plants and vines, and thou makest rivers to gush forth abundantly all amongst it, or till thou makest heaven to fall, as thou assertest, on us in fragments, or thou bringest God and the angels as a surety, or till thou possessest a house of gold ornament, or till thou goest up into heaven; and we will not believe thy going up till thou bringest down on us a book that we may read. Say: 'Glory be to my Lord. Am I aught BUT A MORTAL, a Messenger?' S. 17:90-93
Yet when the truth came to them from Ourselves, they said, 'Why has he not been given the like of that Moses was given?' But they, did they not disbelieve also in what Moses was given aforetime? They said, 'A pair of sorceries mutually supporting each other.' They said, 'We disbelieve both.' S. 28:48
One Muslim writer claims:
Miracles of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) are mentioned in both the Qur’an and Hadith. The Holy Qur’an collectively mentions them in many places; … (Source)
The author proceeds to present a series of quotes referring to signs given to Muhammad and then states:
The Arabic word "Al-Bayyinat" often comes in the Qur'an to mean miracles as in 2:87, 2:253, 4:153, 5:110, 7:101, 10:13, 10:74, 16:44, 20:72, 40:28, 57:25, 64:6 and others.
There are a couple of problems with the author’s claim. First, none of the citations he lists mention what the sign supposedly was, i.e. whether healing the sick, raising the dead etc. They do not specify the kind of sign performed by Muhammad. Second, there are places in the Quran where the specific Arabic words used for sign(s), i.e. ayat and bayyinat, do not necessarily refer to miracles such as raising the dead etc. These words are also used to refer to either the signs in creation, i.e. the design of the cosmos, the traversing of the sun, moon stars etc., or in connection with Books that God revealed. As even Muhammad Asad noted in his comments on surah 6:109:
Lit., "Miracles are only with God." It is to be noted that the Qur'anic term ayah denotes not only a "miracle" (in the sense of a happening that goes beyond the usual - that is, commonly observable - course of nature), but also a "sign" or "message": and the last-mentioned significance is the one which is by far the most frequently met with in the Qur'an. Thus, what is commonly described as a "miracle" constitutes, in fact, an unusual message from God, indicating sometimes in a symbolic manner - a spiritual truth which would otherwise have remained hidden from man's intellect. But even such extraordinary, "miraculous" messages cannot be regarded as "supernatural": for the so-called "laws of nature" are only a perceptible manifestation of "God's way" (sunnat Allah) in respect of His creation - and, consequently, everything that exists and happens, or could conceivably exist or happen, is "natural" in the innermost sense of this word, irrespective of whether it conforms to the ordinary course of events or goes beyond it. Now since the extraordinary messages referred to manifest themselves, as a rule, through the instrumentality of those specially gifted and divinely elected personalities known as "prophets", these are sometimes spoken of as "performing miracles" - a misconception which the Qur'an removes by the words, "Miracles are in the power of God alone". (See also 17:59 and the corresponding note. (Ibid., pp. 188-189, fn. 94; online edition; underline emphasis ours)
The author himself realizes that the word al-bayyinat doesn’t always refer to miracles since he qualifies his statement by saying "often," meaning not always.
The following examples illustrate the point that these words are used in relation to things other than physical miracles, indicating that the use of these very words in relation to Muhammad do not conclusively prove that he actually performed miracles:
Say: 'Have you considered your associates on whom you call, apart from God? Show me what they have created in the earth; or have they a partnership in the heavens?' Or have We given them a Book, so that they are upon a clear sign (bayyinatin) from it? Nay, but the evildoers promise one another naught but delusion. S. 35:40
In the above passage the clear sign refers to instructions in a Book, that the unbelievers had no written command from God that they should worship others besides him.
In another place the clear sign refers to the prophecies, or the revelation, found in the previous Scriptures:
They say, 'Why does he not bring us a sign (ayatin) from his Lord?' Has there not come to them the clear sign (bayyinatu) of what is in the former scrolls? S. 20:133
Other times ayat and bayyinat are used in reference to the Quran, that the Quran is a sign, a clear sign from God:
The Lord of the heavens and the earth and what is between them, and Lord of the easts. Surely We have adorned the nearest heaven with an adornment, the stars, And (there is) a safeguard against every rebellious Shaitan. They cannot listen to the exalted assembly and they are thrown at from every side, Being driven off, and for them is a perpetual chastisement, Except him who snatches off but once, then there follows him a brightly shining flame. Then ask them whether they are stronger in creation or those (others) whom We have created. Surely We created them of firm clay. Nay! you wonder while they mock, And when they are reminded, they mind not, And when they see a sign (ayatan) they incite one another to scoff, And they say: This is nothing but clear magic: What! when we are dead and have become dust and bones, shall we then certainly be raised, Or our fathers of yore? Say: Aye! and you shall be abject. So it shall only be a single cry, when lo! they shall see. And they shall say: O woe to us! this is the day of requital. This is the day of the judgment which you called a lie. S. 37:6-21 Shakir
The context demonstrates that the sign being referred to in the above is the claim of the Quran that the dead will rise.
Those who conceal the clear signs (al-bayyinati) and the guidance that We have sent down, after We have shown them clearly in the Book -- they shall be cursed by God and the cursers, S. 2:159
The clear signs here are those mentioned in the Quran, which seems to refer to the arguments that the Quran sets forth in support of its supposed divine origin.
the month of Ramadan, wherein the Koran was sent down to be a guidance to the people, and as clear signs (wa bayyinatin) of the Guidance and the Salvation. So let those of you, who are present at the month, fast it; and if any of you be sick, or if he be on a journey, then a number of other days; God desires ease for you, and desires not hardship for you; and that you fulfil the number, and magnify God that He has guided you, and haply you will be thankful. S. 2:185
How can you disbelieve, seeing you have God's signs (ayatuRECITED to you, and His Messenger among you? Whosoever holds fast to God, he is guided to a straight path. S. 3:101
And when Our signs (ayatuna) are RECITED to them, clear signs (bayyinatin), those who look not to encounter Us say, 'Bring a Koran other than this, or alter it.' Say: 'It is not for me to alter it of my own accord. I follow nothing, except what is revealed to me. Truly I fear, if I should rebel against my Lord, the chastisement of a dreadful day.' S. 10:15
And what of him who stands upon a clear sign (bayyinatin) from his Lord, and a witness from Him RECITES it, and before him is the Book of Moses for an ensample and a mercy? Those believe in it; but whosoever disbelieves in it, being one of the partisans, his promised land is the Fire. So be thou not in doubt of it; it is the truth from thy Lord, but most men do not believe. S. 11:17
sura that We have sent down and appointed; and We have sent down IN IT signs, clear signs (ayatin bayyinatin), that haply you will remember. S. 24:1
And when Our signs (ayatuna) are RECITED to them, clear signs (bayyinatin), they say, 'This is naught but a man who desires to bar you from that your fathers served'; and they say, 'This is nothing but a forged calumny.' And the unbelievers say to the truth, when it has come to them, 'This is nothing but manifest sorcery. S. 34:43
And when Our signs (ayatuna) are RECITED to them, clear signs (bayyinatin), the unbelievers say to the truth when it has come to them, 'This is manifest sorcery.' S. 46:7
The unbelievers of the People of the Book and the idolaters would never leave off; till the Clear Sign (al-bayyinatu) came to them, a Messenger from God, RECITING pages purified, therein true Books. And they scattered not, those that were given the Book, excepting after the Clear Sign (al-bayyinatu) came to them. S. 98:1-4
Finally:
Not before this didst thou recite any Book, or inscribe it with thy right hand, for then those who follow falsehood would have doubted. Nay; rather it is signs, clear signs (ayatun bayyinatun) IN THE BREASTS of those who have been given knowledge; and none denies Our signs but the evildoers. They say, 'Why have signs (ayatun) not been sent down upon him from his Lord?' Say: 'The signs (al-ayatu) are only with God, and I am only a plain warner.' What, is it not SUFFICIENT for them that We have sent down upon thee the Book that is recited to them? Surely in that is a mercy, and a reminder to a people who believe. S. 29:48-51
This last one sounds the death knell for any Muslim who claims that Muhammad performed miracles. Muhammad presents the Quran as his only miracle, the one miracle he had which was sufficient to prove his prophethood. Lest any Muslim accuse Arberry of mistranslation note how others have translated 29:51:
Is it not ENOUGH for them that We have sent down unto thee the Scripture which is read unto them? Pickthall
And is it not ENOUGH for them that we have sent down to thee the Book which is rehearsed to them? Y. Ali
Is it not SUFFICIENT for them that We have sent down to you the Book (the Qur'ân) which is recited to them? Hilali-Khan
Does it not SUFFICE with them that We have sent down to you the Book to be recited to them? Daryabadi
Why - is it not ENOUGH for them that We have bestowed this divine writ on thee from on high, to be conveyed [by thee] to them? Asad
Asad writes:
I.e., "are the contents of this revelation not enough for them to make them grasp its intrinsic truth without the help of ‘miraculous proofs’ of its divine origin?" (Cf. note 60 on the last sentence of 7: 75.) (Ibid., p. 614, fn. 50; online edition; underline emphasis ours)
Some more translations:
Is it not SUFFICIENT for them that We have sent you down the Book to be recited to them? T.B. Irving
Is it not ENOUGH for them that We have revealed to you the Book which is recited to them? Shakir
Is it not ENOUGH FOR A SIGN for them that WE have sent down to thee the perfect Book which is recited to them? Sher Ali
Is it not ENOUGH for them that We have revealed the Book to you to be recited to them Muhammad Sarwar
And is it not SUFFICIENT for them that We revealed to you the Book [i.e. the Qur’an] which is recited to them? Saheeh International
Well, is this (sign of mercy) not ENOUGH for them that We have revealed to you this perfect Book which is recited to them. Amatul Rahman & ‘Abdul Mannan ‘Omar
Is it not ENOUGH OF A MIRACLE that we sent down to you this book, Khalifa
Is it not ENOUGH for them that We have sent down to you the Scripture, being recited to them? The Message (online source)
Is it not ENOUGH for them that We have revealed to thee the Book which is recited to them? ... M. M. Ali
Maulana Ali notes:
51a. This is another reply to those who demanded signs. The Qur'an is a mercy, if they would only accept it. They could see how the believers had benefited by it; how a wonderful transformation had been wrought in their lives. Was it not a SUFFICIENT sign for them? Indeed, this was direct evidence of the truth of the Holy Word, for to effect a pure transformation in the lives of those who would follow it was its avowed object, while the overthrow of its enemies was only an indirect testimony. (Source; capital and underline emphasis ours)
A final set of translations:
Is it not ENOUGH for them that We have revealed to you the Book for their instruction? N.J. Dawood
Is it not ENOUGH for them that we have sent down to thee the Book which thou dost recite to them? ... Palmer
Is it not ENOUGH for them that we have sent down to thee the Book to be recited to them? ... Rodwell
Is it not SUFFICIENT for them that we have sent down unto thee the book [of the Koran], to be read unto them? ... Sale
Thus, if Muhammad did perform miracles then this falsifies the sufficiency of the Quran.
Now a Muslim may contest this by referring to the following citation to prove that the Quran mentions one specific miracle of Muhammad:
The Hour has drawn nigh: the moon is split. Yet if they see a sign they turn away, and they say 'A continuous sorcery!' S. 54:1-2
Many Muslims claim that this refers to the moon being split in the presence of the unbelievers during the time of Muhammad. This alleged miracle is reported in several hadiths:
Narrated Anas:
That the Meccan people requested Allah's Apostle to show them a miracle, and so he showed them the splitting of the moon. (Sahih Al-Bukhari, Volume 4, Book 56, Number 831)
There are several problems with appealing to the above citation. First, this contradicts surah 29:48-51 which says that the Quran is sufficient as a sign, or miracle, from God. If Muhammad needed to provide a miracle in addition to the Quran then this only serves to falsify his own statement regarding the Quran’s sufficiency. Second, the Quranic text doesn’t give us any data whereby to connect this with the story found in the hadith that the moon was split during Muhammad’s time. It is vague and can refer to any incident, whether before, during or after Muhammad’s time. After all, even Muslims admit that the text may in fact be referring to a future incident, a sign to occur during the Day of Judgment:
AS RAZI points out, the first verse of this surah appears almost like a continuation of the last verses of the preceding one, especially 53: 57 - "that [Last Hour] which is so near draws ever nearer" -: and so we may assume that both were revealed at approximately the same time, i.e., towards the end of the early part (perhaps the fourth year) of Muhammad’s prophethood …
Most of the commentators see in this verse a reference to a phenomenon said to have been witnessed by several of the Prophet’s contemporaries. As described in a number of reports going back to some Companions, the moon appeared one night as if split into two distinct parts. While there is no reason to doubt the subjective veracity of these reports, it is possible that what actually happened was an unusual kind of partial lunar eclipse, which produced an equally unusual optical illusion. But whatever the nature of that phenomenon, it is practically certain that the above Quran-verse DOES NOT REFER TO IT but, rather, TO A FUTURE EVENT: namely, to what will happen when the Last Hour approaches. (The Quran frequently employs the past tense to denote the future, and particularly so in passages which speak of the coming of the Last Hour and of Resurrection Day; this use of the past tense is meant to stress the certainty of the happening to which the verb relates.) Thus, Raghib regards it as fully justifiable to interpret the phrase inshaqqa l-qamar ("the moon is split asunder") as bearing on the cosmic cataclysm - the end of the world as we know it - that will occur before the coming of Resurrection Day (see art. shaqq in the Mufradat). As mentioned by Zamakhshari, this interpretation has the support of some of the earlier commentators; and it is, to my mind, particularly convincing in view of the juxtaposition, in the above Quran-verse, of the moon’s "splitting asunder" and the approach of the Last Hour. (In this connection we must bear in mind the fact that none of the Quranic allusions to the "nearness" of the Last Hour and the Day of Resurrection is based on the human concept of "time".) (Ibid., p. 818, fn. 1; online edition; capital and underline emphasis ours)
Third, it is just as likely that the story found in the hadith was fabricated around this passage, as opposed to the verses referring to a story which the hadiths later record. In other words, Muslims decided to fabricate a story in which Muhammad caused the moon to split as a sign to the unbelievers so as to connect it with this Quranic passage.
In conclusion, the Quran explicitly says that Muhammad performed no miracles apart from the alleged inspiration he received. His only miracle was supposedly the Quran. The claim that the word al-bayyinat implies that Muhammad did perform miracles is not substantiated by the data since the term is used in reference to Muhammad receiving or reciting the Quran. In other words, Muhammad’s clear signs, his al-bayyinat, were nothing more than the Quran itself.
Further Reading
http://answering-islam.org/Books/Pfander/Balance/p306.htm
http://answering-islam.org/Campbell/s6c1.html
http://answering-islam.org/Books/Tisdall/Objections/p136.htm
http://answering-islam.org/Responses/Naik/quranclaims1.htm#part6


Addendum
Miracles and the Bible
Hesham Azmy, in attempting to critique the Christian approach to the issue of Muhammad and miracles, tries to show what happens when this same approach is applied to the Holy Bible. He has a section within one of his articles which reads:
According to polemicists’ methodology,
Jesus (peace be upon him) did not produce miracles
He then concludes:
All the above examples prove that Jesus and the disciples neither performed miracles when they were asked, nor referred to previous miracles. So, if we used these verses to make the claim that Jesus (peace be upon him) and the disciples were unable to perform miracles, Christian missionaries would accuse us of bigotry, superficiality and lack of comprehension. However, they find no problem in applying this devious methodology on the Holy Qur’an to make their claims. This is why we -Muslims- refuse the Christian argument against the miracles of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), why not?! especially his miracles are declared in the Holy Qur’an and authentic traditions! (Source)
As anyone reading the Holy Bible can see, Mr. Azmy is comparing apples and oranges. He is guilty of committing a false analogy since the Holy Bible, unlike the Quran, presents many examples of Jesus and the Apostles performing physical miracles. We will look at the immediate contexts of some of the specific examples provided by Mr. Azmy to show how his appeal to the Bible does not support his premise that the Quran does not deny that Muhammad performed miracles.
"In those days, when again a great crowd had gathered, and they had nothing to eat, he called his disciples to him and said to them, ‘I have compassion on the crowd, because they have been with me now three days and have nothing to eat. And if I send them away hungry to their homes, they will faint on the way. And some of them have come from far away.’ And his disciples answered him, ‘How can one feed these people with bread here in this desolate place?’ And he asked them, ‘How many loaves do you have?’ They said, ‘Seven. And he directed the crowd to sit down on the ground. And he took the seven loaves, and having given thanks, he broke them and gave them to his disciples to set before the people; and they set them before the crowd. And they had a few small fish. And having blessed them, he said that these also should be set before them. And they ate and were satisfied. And they took up the broken pieces left over, seven baskets full. And there were about four thousand people. And he sent them away." Mark 8:1-9
"And they came to Bethsaida. And some people brought to him a blind man and begged him to touch him. And he took the blind man by the hand and led him out of the village, and when he had spit on his eyes and laid his hands on him, he asked him, ‘Do you see anything?’ And he looked up and said, ‘I see men, but they look like trees, walking.’ Then Jesus laid his hands on his eyes again; and he opened his eyes, his sight was restored, and he saw everything clearly. And he sent him to his home, saying, ‘Do not even enter the village.’" Mark 8:22-26
"After this Jesus went away to the other side of the Sea of Galilee, which is the Sea of Tiberias. And a large crowd was following him, because they saw the signs that he was doing on the sick. Jesus went up on the mountain, and there he sat down with his disciples. Now the Passover, the feast of the Jews, was at hand. Lifting up his eyes, then, and seeing that a large crowd was coming toward him, Jesus said to Philip, ‘Where are we to buy bread, so that these people may eat?’ He said this to test him, for he himself knew what he would do. Philip answered him, ‘Two hundred denarii would not buy enough bread for each of them to get a little.’ One of his disciples, Andrew, Simon Peter's brother, said to him, ‘There is a boy here who has five barley loaves and two fish, but what are they for so many?’ Jesus said, ‘Have the people sit down.’ Now there was much grass in the place. So the men sat down, about five thousand in number. Jesus then took the loaves, and when he had given thanks, he distributed them to those who were seated. So also the fish, as much as they wanted. And when they had eaten their fill, he told his disciples, ‘Gather up the leftover fragments, that nothing may be lost.’ So they gathered them up and filled twelve baskets with fragments from the five barley loaves, left by those who had eaten. When the people saw the sign that he had done, they said, ‘This is indeed the Prophet who is to come into the world!’ Perceiving then that they were about to come and take him by force to make him king, Jesus withdrew again to the mountain by himself. When evening came, his disciples went down to the sea, got into a boat, and started across the sea to Capernaum. It was now dark, and Jesus had not yet come to them. The sea became rough because a strong wind was blowing. When they had rowed about three or four miles, they saw Jesus walking on the sea and coming near the boat, and they were frightened. But he said to them, ‘It is I; do not be afraid.’ Then they were glad to take him into the boat, and immediately the boat was at the land to which they were going." John 6:1-21
"And I, when I came to you, brothers, did not come proclaiming to you the testimony of God with lofty speech or wisdom. For I decided to know nothing among you except Jesus Christ and him crucified. And I was with you in weakness and in fear and much trembling, and my speech and my message were not in plausible words of wisdom, but in DEMONSTRATION of the Spirit and of power, that your faith might not rest in the wisdom of men but in the power of God." 1 Corinthians 2:1-5
Here are a few more citations which further establish this point:
"Now many signs and wonders were regularly done among the people by the hands of the apostles. And they were all together in Solomon's Portico. None of the rest dared join them, but the people held them in high esteem. And more than ever believers were added to the Lord, multitudes of both men and women, so that they even carried out the sick into the streets and laid them on cots and mats, that as Peter came by at least his shadow might fall on some of them. The people also gathered from the towns around Jerusalem, bringing the sick and those afflicted with unclean spirits, and they were all healed." Acts 5:12-16
"For I will not venture to speak of anything except what Christ has accomplished through me to bring the Gentiles to obedience--by word and deed, by the power of signs and wonders, by the power of the Spirit of God--so that from Jerusalem and all the way around to Illyricum I have fulfilled the ministry of the gospel of Christ;" Romans 15:18-19
"The signs of a true apostle were performed among you with utmost patience, with signs and wonders and mighty works." 2 Corinthians 12:12
"Does he who supplies the Spirit to you and works miracles among you do so by works of the law, or by hearing with faith—" Galatians 3:5
"how shall we escape if we neglect such a great salvation? It was declared at first by the Lord, and it was attested to us by those who heard, while God also bore witness by signs and wonders and various miracles and by gifts of the Holy Spirit distributed according to his will." Hebrews 2:3-4
The foregoing makes it rather obvious that none of the passages cited by the author insinuate that Christ and the Apostles didn’t perform any miracles. The context of the citations shows that the meaning is either that they didn’t acquiesce to the demands of the unbelievers to perform the specific signs they asked for, since they were given plenty of proofs already; or that no matter how many signs they received the unbelievers weren’t satisfied and demanded that more be given.
Now we are aware that the Muslim author wasn’t trying to disprove that Christ and his followers performed miracles, but was trying to show that the Christian approach could be used to prove that they didn’t perform any signs or wonders, despite the fact that the Scriptures clearly say they did. Mr. Azmy desired to show by this that a person shouldn’t take only one set of passages while ignoring the other citations that do speak of miracles being performed by the specific individuals in question.
The only way for the Bible to be relevant to the point that Mr. Azmy is making is if the Quran mentioned specific miracles which Muhammad performed. If it did, then one could legitimately conclude that the verses that say Muhammad didn’t perform a sign actually mean, within their intended context, that Muhammad didn’t acquiesce to the demands of the pagans to perform the specific signs that they asked for, since they were shown plenty of miracles already. Or, it could mean that Muhammad was not the source of the miracles so as to perform them whenever he so chose, but could only perform them at Allah’s discretion. But the Quran doesn’t mention any specific miracle of Muhammad, and actually claims that the Quran is sufficient as a sign from God.
What makes this even more astonishing is that the Quran mentions the miracles performed by Moses, Jesus, and a host of others, but doesn’t even list one supernatural feat performed by Muhammad. The silence is quite deafening. As one convert to Islam put it in regard to the miracles found in the Islamic tradition:
(2) The authenticated traditions contain numerous reports of the Prophet performing miracles - with God's permission, of course. Many of these are similar to ones attributed to Jesus in the New Testament, such as transforming small quantities of food into enough to feed a whole host of hungry followers and curing blindness with his saliva. Although the Qur'an recalls miracles of past prophets in its narratives, it identifies itself - and perhaps one other supernatural phenomenon - as the only observable miracle(s) granted to the Prophet. Moreover, the Qur'an states that the Prophet's opposition frequently complained that he produced no other miraculous signs. Yet if the Prophet indeed performed most of the miracles recorded in the Hadith literature, then it is a wonder that his opponents consistently complained of a lack of supernatural signs or that the Qur'an did not at least cite more of them in response to pagan objections. (Jeffrey Lang, Losing My Religion: A Call For Help [Amana Publications, 2004], pp. 249-250)
To conclude, the Holy Bible provides absolutely no substantiation for Mr. Azmy’s claim that Muhammad did perform miracles despite the clear references that say he never did.


IHS